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Deborah Sampson
Deborah Samson Gannett (December 17, 1760 – April 29, 1827〔〔), better known as Deborah Samson, was a woman who disguised herself as a man in order to serve in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. She is part of a small number of women with a documented record of military combat experience in that war.〔Weatherford, Doris, ''American Women's History'', Prentice Hall, 1994〕 She served 17 months in the army, as "Robert Shurtleff〔Soldier's Secret by Sheila Solomon Klass〕 " of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, was wounded in 1782 and honorably discharged at West Point, New York in 1783.
== Early life ==
Although having prominent ancestry, the Sampson's had dropped to the bottom of colonial society by the time Deborah was born. Her siblings were Jonathan (born 1753), Elisha (born 1755), Hannah (born 1756), Ephraim (born 1759), Nehemiah (born 1764), and Sylvia (born 1766).
Although Deborah was always told that her father had most likely disappeared at sea, evidence suggests that her father actually abandoned the family, migrating to Lincoln County, Maine, and starting a new life.〔 It is known that he took a common-law wife named Martha and had two or more children with her. He also returned to Plympton in 1794 to attend to a property transaction. There was also a multiple murder indictment against a Jonathan Sampson in 1773 in Maine.〔 It is unknown whether this Jonathan Sampson was Deborah’s father. No trial was ever held.〔
When Deborah’s father abandoned the family, her mother, unable to provide for her children, placed them in various households. This was a common practice in 18th century New England to provide for dependent children. She was first placed in the home of a relative of her mothers, who died shortly thereafter. She was then sent to live with the widow of a reverend Peter Thatcher, and elderly woman in her eighties. She too died after a few years. She was then sent to live with Jeremiah Thomas in Middleborough, where she worked as a servant for about 8 years from 1770-1778. Although treated well by the family, she was not sent to school like the Thomas children and greatly longed to learn. It is believed that she learned to read while living with the widow of reverend Thatcher, who might have wanted Deborah to read bible verses to her.〔 When her time as an indentured servant was over at age 18, Deborah made a living by teaching school during the summer sessions in 1779 and 1780 and by weaving in the winter. She was a highly skilled weaver and worked for the Sproat Tavern as well as the Bourne family, the Morton family, and the Leonard family.〔 During her time as a teacher and a weaver she boarded with the families she was working for.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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